HCNG
HCNG -CNG emission
HCNG (or H2CNG) is a mixture of compressed natural gas and 4–9 percent hydrogen by energy.[1] It may be used as a fuel gas for internal combustion engines[2][3][4] and home appliances.
(regarding the acronyms in the above emissions chart:
AVL= Average Levels?
CNG=Compressed Natural Gas
HCNG= Hydrogen and CNG blend
NOX= Nitrogen Oxides
NMHC= Non-Methane Hydrocarbons?
CH4= Methane
THC= Total Hydrocarbons?
CO= Carbon Monoxide)
HCNG dispensers can be found at Hynor (Norway) Thousand palms and Barstow,[5]California, Fort Collins, Colorado (all US), Chongqing[6] and Shanxi (China),[7][8][9]Pico Truncado (Argentina),[10]Islamabad (Pakistan),[11][12]Dunkerque (France),[13][14]Gothenburg Sweden, Rio de Janeiro[15] (Brazil), Emilia-Romagna,[16][17]Lombardia[18][19] (Italy), Dwarka and Faridabad (Delhi), India[20][21][22] and the BC hydrogen highway in Canada.
HCNG for mobile use is premixed at the hydrogen station.
Contents
1 Research
2 Codes and standards
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Research
In the town of Nes on the island of Ameland in the Netherlands, a four-year (2008-2011) field test was carried out where 20% hydrogen was added to the local distribution net supplying a complex of 14 apartments.[23] The appliances involved were kitchen stoves, condensing boilers, and micro-CHP boilers.[24]
The use of existing natural gas pipelines for HCNG was studied by NaturalHy.[25]
To get the most out of an internal combustion engine in transportation if higher levels of hydrogen are added, modifications have to be made to the engine and the control strategy.[26][27][28] The hydrogen in the blend leads to lower CO2 emissions.[29]
Codes and standards
The National Fire Protection Association 52 presently covers CNG and hydrogen fueling stations. Blends with < 20% hydrogen by volume
are treated identically to CNG.[30] For the use of blends with more than 30[31]-40 % of hydrogen in volume[32] decision support tools[33] for the design are used to ensure safe use.
See also
- HCNG dispenser
- Hydrogen infrastructure
- Hydrogen economy
References
^ International hydrogen fuel and pressure vessel forum 2010 Archived 2012-09-05 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Test of blends of hydrogen and natural gas in a light-duty vehicle
^ Development of HCNG blended fuel engine with control of NOx emissions
^ Hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas
^ Hydrogen-enhanced natural gas vehicle program
^ Chongqing Wuzhoulong Works with Tsinghua University for HCNG Buses
^ Hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas as a fuel for engines
^ HCNG in China
^ Sxgxny (Shanxi)
^ Argentina’s first HCNG patrol car Archived 2013-01-29 at Archive.is
^ Prime Minister Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani supports non-stop CNG loading in Pakistan Archived 2013-01-29 at Archive.is
^ PM dedicate three gas fields for CNG Industry, HCNG to import immediately with zero import duty Archived 2013-01-31 at Archive.is
^ ALT-HY-TUDE Project Archived 2010-04-01 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Position Paper: Natural gas – hydrogen blends technology
^ Petrobras and the infrastructure for hydrogen supply in Brazil Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Hydrogen-methanemixtures: vehicle tests performed by ENEA Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine.
^ mhybus
^ Regione Lombardia: 10 hydromethane Pandas
^ Italian highway presents first prototype of hydrogen-methane Iveco Ecodaily Archived 2013-01-29 at Archive.is
^ Successful adoption of CNG and emerging CNG-H2 program in India
^ Automotive research body develops greener fuel engine for light vehicles
^ Hydrogen–CNG Fuel To Debut During Games
^ Pilot project on hydrogen injection in natural gas on island of Ameland
^ Ameland Field testing
^ Using the existing natural gas system for hydrogen Archived 2012-01-18 at the Wayback Machine.
^ A study on quasi-dimensional combustion model of a spark ignition HCNG engine suitable for various hydrogen fractions (SAE 2008)
^ Natural gas vehicle research roadmap -Pag.22
^ High-percentage hydrogen/cng blend Ford F-150 operating summary
^ Hydrogen enriched natural gas technology-pag.36
^ Hydrogen and natural gas blends; Converting light and heavy duty vehicles
^ Use of blends of hydrogen and natural gas in urban vehicles in the transition towards an hydrogen economy
^ Decision Support Tool Archived 2013-12-18 at the Wayback Machine.
External links
- Hydrogen-Compressed Natural Gas (HCNG) Transport Fuel
- Hydrogen – Natural gas (HCNG) mixtures as fuels in internal combustion engines
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