远东豹
















































远东豹

Amur Leopard Panthera pardus orientalis Facing Forward 1761px.jpg

保护状况



極危（IUCN 3.1）


科学分类 编辑
界：
动物界 Animalia
门：
脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：
哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：
食肉目 Carnivora
科：
猫科 Felidae
属：
豹属 Panthera

种：
豹 P. pardus

亚种：
远东豹 P. p. orientalis

三名法

Panthera pardus orientalis
Schlegel, 1857

Amur Leopard distribution.PNG
种群分布

異名

Panthera pardus amurensis





远东豹


远东豹（学名：Panthera pardus orientalis ），大型猫科食肉动物，是豹的九个亚种之一。因生活在远东地区而得名，在中国当地俗称土豹子，是国家一级重点保护动物。




目录






  • 1 分布


  • 2 形态


  • 3 繁殖


  • 4 猎食


  • 5 中国的远东豹


  • 6 參見


  • 7 脚注


  • 8 外部链接





分布


曾经广泛分布於俄罗斯外满洲地区、中国东北黑龙江、吉林和朝鲜半岛北部的森林中。是唯一一种适应雪域生存环境的豹亚种，和东北虎的栖息地有所重叠。
由于人类活动加剧了森林的消失和人类捕猎活动的猖獗，目前全世界野生远东豹不足70隻，大多生活在俄罗斯远东地区及兩韓非軍事區。目前，国际社会已经加强对远东豹的保护，但是形势仍然不容乐观。



形态


皮质厚实，颜色较浅。毛发比其他亚种长，夏天长约2.5厘米，冬天长度在5到7厘米。在豹亚种里体型偏小。雄性平均体重在35千克到55千克之间，最重75千克（超过75千克的野生个体全部都是卫星数据或重量单位计算错误，而传说中100千克以上的野生个体根本不存在）；雌性平均体重在30千克到50千克之间。



繁殖


远东豹每年1，2月交配繁殖，母豹的妊娠期90到105天，多数为92-95天之间，每胎1到4仔，人工饲养条件下可以多达6仔，哺乳期3个月左右，小家伙跟随母亲生活1至1.5年后独立，2到3岁性成熟，寿命15至17年。在圈养环境中可以活到21岁。



猎食


经常捕食梅花鹿、麝、狍子、驯鹿、野猪、野兔等食草动物，有时也会捕猎獾，鸟类和啮齿类。在食物极端缺乏的情况下也会捕捉2岁以下的幼年黑熊。会把猎物拖到树上存放以防被盗。



中国的远东豹


在中国野生远东豹的数量在虎豹国家公园里有42只。中国的新闻裏称之为“东北豹”。


2010年10月18日，北京师范大学生命学院生态学研究所、地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室生物多样性研究团队首次在吉林省珲春保护区拍摄到野生远东豹影像[1]。


2013年黑龙江省森林工业总局也发布了三段高清野生远东豹的视频图像，三段视频的拍摄地点均位于黑龙江森林工业总局下设的绥阳林业局境内。[2]。



參見


  • 雪豹


脚注





  1. ^ 我校生物多样性研究团队首次拍到极濒危物种远东豹清晰影像. （原始内容存档于2011-10-17）. 


  2. ^ 黑龙江发布珍稀物种野生东北豹高清影像. （原始内容存档于2014-02-10）. 




外部链接






维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：远东豹





维基物种中的分类信息：远东豹


  • ARKive

  • Saving the Amur Leopard: "Amur Leopard Conservation Support Programme"

  • The Tigris Foundation -- dedication to the conservation of the Amur leopard

  • Oregon Zoo fact sheet and videos

  • 世界自然基金会: World's longest oil pipeline re-routed in Russia's Far East, endangered leopard habitat spared

  • Wildlife Conservation Society（WCS）俄罗斯




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