安眠药





refer to caption

唑吡坦片，一种常用的安眠药


安眠药（英语：Hypnotic） （源自希腊语 Hypnos, sleep(睡眠)），是一类精神药物，用来提升睡眠品質，[1]治疗失眠或术前麻醉，服用过量会致死。




目录






  • 1 种类


    • 1.1 巴比妥类


    • 1.2 喹唑啉酮


    • 1.3 苯二氮卓类


    • 1.4 非苯二氮卓类




  • 2 引用





种类



巴比妥类


主条目：巴比妥类药物


喹唑啉酮


主条目：喹唑啉酮

参见：喹唑啉


苯二氮卓类


主条目：苯二氮卓类药物

苯二氮卓适合用来短期内治疗失眠。不推荐连续使用苯二氮卓类药物2-4星期，因为这会导致依赖性。最好间隔性地服用苯二氮卓类药物，并且将剂量保持在最低有效剂量。苯二氮卓类药物通过缩短入睡时间、延长睡眠时间和减少醒后的困倦感来治疗因失眠导致的问题。[2][3]


常用的苯二氮卓类药物的代表有阿普唑仑（佳静安定）、劳拉西泮、地西泮（安定）、氯硝西泮。



非苯二氮卓类


参见：Z-drugs

非苯二氮卓类药物是一类与苯二氮卓类药物非常相似的精神药物。非苯二氮卓类与苯二氮卓类在药效学性质上非常相似，也有着相似的优点、不良反应和风险，然而，两者的化学结构却完全不同，因此在分子水平上，非苯二氮卓类和苯二氮卓类没有任何关系。[4]


常用的非苯二氮卓类药物有：佐匹克隆，艾司佐匹克隆，扎来普隆，唑吡坦。



引用





  1. ^ Dorlands Medical Dictionary:hypnotic. Mercksource.com. （原始内容存档于2008-12-11）. 


  2. ^ Technology Appraisal Guidance 77. Guidance on the use of zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone for the short-term management of insomnia (PDF). National Institute for Clinical Excellence. April 2004 [2009-07-26]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-12-03）. 


  3. ^ Ramakrishnan, K.; Scheid, D. C. Treatment options for insomnia. American Family Physician. August 2007, 76 (4): 517–26. PMID 17853625. 


  4. ^ Siriwardena, A. N.; Qureshi, Z.; Gibson, S.; Collier, S.; Latham, M. GPs' attitudes to benzodiazepine and 'Z-drug' prescribing: a barrier to implementation of evidence and guidance on hypnotics. Br J Gen Pract. December 2006, 56 (533): 964–7. PMC 1934058. PMID 17132386.  开放获取内容


















































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