塞維索事件




塞維索事件為發生於1976年7月10日12時37分的工業事故，位於意大利伦巴第大区米蘭北方約20公里的小型化學工廠，為史上最嚴重的2,3,7,8-四氯雙苯-p-戴奧辛（TCDD）汙染事件[1]。該事件促進了相關科學研究及工業安全規範的制定，欧洲联盟的工業安全法規又被稱作塞維索II指令（英语：Directive 96/82/EC）。




目录






  • 1 事故地點


  • 2 化學反應


  • 3 直接影響


  • 4 相關條目


  • 5 參考文獻





事故地點


塞維索事件以塞維索為名，為本次事件影響最嚴重的地區，1976年時人口約1.7萬人，其他受影響的城鎮包括梅达（1.9萬人）、代西奧（英语：Desio）（3.3萬人）、切萨诺马代尔诺（3.4萬人），而巴尔拉西纳（6千人）、博维肖-马夏戈（1.1萬人）則受輕微影響[2]。



化學反應


Overall Reaction scheme


直接影響


受戴奧辛影響地區依據地表土壤TCDD濃度由高至低分為區域A、B及R，其中區域A又分為7個區域，當地居民則被告知建議不要接觸或食用當地生產的水果或蔬菜。



  • 區域A：TCDD土壤濃度大於50微克/立方公尺(µg/m²)，區域內居民736人。

  • 區域B：TCDD土壤濃度介於5~50微克/立方公尺(µg/m²)，區域內居民4,700人。

  • 區域R：TCDD土壤濃度小於5微克/立方公尺(µg/m²)，區域內居民31,800人。



相關條目


  • 《賽貝索探險隊（英语：Inochi No Chikyuu: Dioxin No Natsu）》以塞維索事件為背景改編的動畫作品


參考文獻





  1. ^ Brenda Eskenazi; Paolo Mocarelli, Marcella Warner, Larry Needham, Donald G. Patterson, Jr., Steven Samuels, Wayman Turner, Pier Mario Gerthoux, and Paolo Brambilla. Relationship of Serum TCDD Concentrations and Age at Exposure of Female Residents of Seveso, Italy. Environmental Health Perspectives. January 2004, 112 (1): 22–7. PMC 1241792. PMID 14698926. doi:10.1289/ehp.6573.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)


  2. ^ B. De Marchi; S. Funtowicz; J. Ravetz. 4 Seveso: A paradoxical classic disaster. United Nations University. 








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