隧道二極體






隧道二極體的符號




1N3716隧道二極體，旁邊的跳線是比例尺


隧道二極體（又稱江崎二極體、穿隧效應二極體、穿隧二極體、透納二極體或Tunnel Diode）是一種可以高速切換的半導體，其切換速度可到達微波頻率的範圍，其原理是利用量子穿隧效應。


隧道二極體是江崎玲於奈1958年8月時發明的，當時他在東京通訊工業株式會社（現在的索尼）。1973年時江崎玲於奈和布赖恩·约瑟夫森因為發現上述半導體中的量子穿隧效應而獲得諾貝爾物理獎。羅伯特·諾伊斯在為威廉·肖克利工作時也有有關隧道二極體的想法，但沒有繼續進行研究[1]。


此種二極體是由高摻雜的PN接面所形成(空乏區通常只有10奈米寬)，常用的材料包括鍺、砷化鎵等窄能隙的材料，由於高摻雜會產生晶格的破壞，使得能隙間的缺陷變多[來源請求]，加上窄能隙材料縮小量子穿隧的障礙，所以能夠增加量子穿隧的電流。隧道二極體常用於頻率轉換器和偵測器上，由於隧道二極體的負微分電阻的特性，其也可應用於振盪器、放大器以及開關電路的遲滯。



參考資料





  1. ^ Berlin, Leslie. The Man Behind the Microchip: Robert Noyce and the Invention of Silicon Valley. Oxford University Press. 2005. ISBN 0-19-516343-5. 






规范控制


  • GND: 4186443-8

  • NDL: 01190029



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