潘岳




潘岳（247年－300年），字安仁，后人多称潘安。[1]荥阳中牟（今河南中牟）人，西晋文学家。曾任河阳县令、怀县令、太傅府主簿等职。八王之亂時，獲罪於孫秀、夷三族。




目录






  • 1 简述


  • 2 家庭


    • 2.1 祖父


    • 2.2 父


    • 2.3 兄


    • 2.4 妻


    • 2.5 弟




  • 3 作品


    • 3.1 詩


    • 3.2 诔




  • 4 注釋


  • 5 參考書目





简述


自幼聪慧，被誉为神童。少時隨父宦遊山東、河南、河北，後入太學，二十餘歲供職權臣賈充幕府，曾任司空掾、太尉掾等職，三十餘歲擔任河陽縣令，下令全縣種桃花，有「河陽一縣花」之稱。與好友石崇依附賈充外孫賈謐，遷黃門侍郎，賈謐召集文士潘安、石崇、陸機、左思、劉琨等二十四人，活躍在石崇的金谷園裡，被稱為「金谷二十四友」。早年潘岳因看不慣孫秀的為人，經常鞭撻他。于是孙秀怀恨在心。赵王司马伦辅政时，以其宠臣孙秀为中书令。孫秀得勢後遂羅織罪名說他和石崇要造反，最後和石崇等人被誅滅三族。


潘岳是中國歷史上有名的美男子，據《世說新語》所載，潘岳每次外出，都會有不少女子手牽手地圍著他的車子，又向他的車子投擲水果。成语“掷果盈车”即来自于此典故。後來人們就以「潘安之貌」形容男子俊美。潘岳與夏侯湛友好，喜歡一同出遊，时人谓之连璧。[2]同期的左思雖然長得醜，看到潘岳出遊如此受人歡迎，也依樣學樣，特意梳洗打扮，駕車出遊，“于是群妪齐共乱唾之，委顿而返”。[3]潘岳亦以諂媚權貴著名，元好问批评潘岳，“心画心声总失真，文章宁复见为人。高情千古《闲居赋》，争信安仁拜路尘。”[4]



家庭



祖父


  • 潘瑾，安平太守


父


  • 潘芘，字文德，琅邪内史[5]


兄


  • 潘释，侍御史。一同伏诛，其子潘伯武逃脱


妻


  • 楊氏，楊肇的女兒，元康八年（公元298年）去世。潘岳對亡妻甚是懷思，著有《內顧詩二首》、《楊氏七哀詩》、《哀永逝文》等。


弟



  • 潘豹，燕令。一同伏诛，其妻女被下诏赦免

  • 潘据，司徒掾。一同伏诛

  • 潘诜，一同伏诛



作品



詩


其诗今存52首，收在逯钦立编的《先秦汉魏晋南北朝诗》一书中，其中《悼亡诗》三首为代表作。



诔


潘岳“善为哀诔之文”，今存诔、哀辞、祭文等20余篇。明朝张溥辑《潘黄门集》，收入《汉魏六朝百三家集》中。



注釋





  1. ^ 潘安之名最早出自於杜甫《花底》詩「恐是潘安縣，堪留衛玠車。」


  2. ^ 《世说新语·容止》曰：“潘安仁，夏侯湛并有美容，喜同行，时人谓之连璧。”注引《八王故事》曰：“岳与湛著契，故好同游。”


  3. ^ 《世说新语·容止第十四篇·七则》


  4. ^ 《论诗三十首》之六


  5. ^ 《世說新語·仇隙·第1》劉孝標注：王隱晉書曰：「岳父文德，為琅邪太守，孫秀為小吏給使，岳數蹴蹋秀，而不以人遇之也。」余嘉錫《箋疏》：程炎震云：「《晉書五十五岳傳》云：『父芘』，則文德蓋其字也。」




參考書目


  • 《晋书》卷五十五《潘岳传》





维基文库中该作者的作品：
潘岳



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