古体诗

Multi tool use
古體詩,是中國古代的一種文學體裁,與樂府詩並稱為「漢代文學雙璧」或「雙葩」。
定義
古體詩簡稱古詩,是與「近體詩」相對,故稱。
唐朝以前的詩歌,不分古體近體。初唐開始,律詩和絕句的格式固定下來,以前那些形式格律不嚴格不講究的詩體,就一律稱作古體,並把律詩絕句合稱為近體。即使在唐代抑或以後,仍有許多詩人依古體寫作詩篇。「古體」云云並不含有時代分期的意思。
特點
形式特點上,古體近體的差別在於,古體詩是一種較少拘束的詩體,句子數目不拘,篇幅不限,每句字數不拘,不嚴格講究平仄與對仗,也不講究押韻方式,可以兼用平聲韻與仄聲韻。
古體詩最基本的形式是五言古詩,以及七言古詩。主要有七種體裁:四言、五言、七言、五七雜言、三七雜言、三五七雜言、錯綜雜言。也有其他形式的古體詩:二言詩(如《彈歌》)、三言詩(如《漢書·禮樂志》記載的《練時日》)、六言詩(如张衡《归田赋》,王維《田園樂》)、八言詩(如庾信《燕射歌辞·周五卢调曲》)、九言詩(如宋謝莊《歌白帝》)等。
古體近體兩種體裁的選擇,有時受作品主題或內容影響。如杜甫往往用不同的詩體,表達不同的內容,古體詩較少格律限制,便於鋪敘描寫,敘事遂多用古體,而抒情則多用近體詩。
作品舉例
今日中國最廣為人知的古體詩多為五言詩或七言诗,具代表性的有《古詩十九首》、陶渊明的《归园田居》、陳子昂之《登幽州臺歌》、李白的〈古風〉五十九首、〈月下獨酌〉四首、〈宣州謝朓樓餞別校書叔雲〉、〈金陵酒肆留別〉、杜甫的三吏三别、白居易的《長恨歌》與《琵琶行》、龔自珍《西郊落花歌》等等。四言诗有诸如曹操的《观沧海》。
维基文库中相关的原始文献:
Category:古體詩
中國文學流變
時代
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先秦
|
兩漢
|
魏晉南北朝
|
隋唐
|
宋
|
元
|
明清
|
近代
|
韻文
|
詩經;楚辭
|
辭賦;古體詩;樂府
|
古體詩;駢賦
|
近體詩;律賦
|
詞
|
曲
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近體詩;戲曲
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新詩;現代歌詞
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非韻文
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散文
|
駢文
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傳奇;駢文
|
古文
|
--
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章回小说
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白話文;小說
|
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